Saturday, August 3, 2013

How to Assess and Reduce Spending

Your values are reflected, in part, in how your spend your money.  Do you value Visa or Mastercard? Bank of America? Nordstroms?  Philip Morris?  Exxon?   The Los Angeles Dodgers, or, more precisely, the Chicago based investment group that purchased the franchise?  Walmart?  Chinese manufacturers and indirectly the Chinese dictatorship?  Your spending will tell you what you value.

If you're not happy with your values as reflected in your spending, you have the power to change it.  It is simple, but not easy.  Within 1 year, six months to assess your situation and then six months to create new routines for yourself, your values and spending will be aligned.
1.            Keep a monthly money chart.  The first step in improving any situation is to understand the situation as it currently exists.  You need to know what you are actually spending.  You can make a spreadsheet or do it by hand if you wish.  It doesn't matter how you do it.   You just need to do it.  

If you are like my family, you have settled into a routine.  You will need to keep track of spending, on a monthly basis, for about 6 months.  It will vary somewhat from month to month, but not significantly.  You should get a pretty good idea of monthly expenditures after 6 months.
Break down your spending into various categories.  There are the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, medical-- and subcategories such as groceries (but distinguish restaurant spending), utilities, HOA, etc.  Then there is optional spending.  You can break down into entertainment, education, exercise, gas, maintenance of vehicle, etc.  You should also create a separate category for interest on debt, other than a mortgage, and credit cards.  You will also probably have a miscellaneous category.  Everyone does.

I recommend rounding off.  If you spend $19.73 on groceries, then you spent $20.  Adding the pennies at the end of the month is not worth the time.  They will balance out anyway if you round off.
2.            Limit or eliminate luxuries.  Now that you've done your assessment, it is time to start making changes.  Distinguish between a luxury and necessity.  A luxury is a choice.  If it's not food, shelter or clothing, it is a choice.  A TV and cable bill are not necessities.  Although  watch movies at home on occasion, I haven't had either in years.   Significantly reduce or eliminate luxury spending.  You can do so without negatively impacting the quality of your life.
3.            Pay down bad debt, borrow no more except for a true emergency or a home.  I have not had a credit card for 10 years.  I stopped using it 20 years ago, but kept it in case of emergencies.  Once I built up a sufficient savings, I got rid of the card altogether.

If you use a credit card, you contribute to your own impoverishment and increase the wealth of people who already have too much. Pay down your debt, and rip up your card.
Mortgage debt can make sense.  Everyone has to live someplace, and we usually have to pay for that place.  It is simply a question of whether you choose to own or rent.  If you wish to own, you will probably need a mortgage.  So long as you have a fixed interest rate and it is affordable and you intend to pay it off in full one day, a mortgage can make economic sense for you.  The mortgage will also decrease your taxes because you can deduct mortgage interest from your income.  Ideally, your mortage is the only debt you have.

4.            Buy in bulk and buy quality.  if you've eliminated or significantly reduced luxury spending, you can now work on reducing expenses on necessities.  Two strategies which were the subject of a prior post are buying in bulk and buying quality, http://frugalitariancatholic.blogspot.com/2013/07/too-poor-to-buy-cheap.html 

5.           Share expenses.  It is cheaper for two people to split expenses for two than for each to pay for their own expenses.  A simple example will illustrate the point.  Two people splitting the monthly rent of an apartment in the amount of $1,500.00 will  pay $750.00 each, but each renting their own apartment might pay $900.00.  So the recommendation here: get married, or move in a really good friend!  If you get married, you also have the added benefit of decreasing your tax burden.  There is no marriage penalty.  there is a singles penalty.

6.            Insource repairs and upkeep.  To the extent possible, do your own repairs.  Don't call the handyman if you can do it yourself.  My wife, who is our resident handyperson, recently fixed our stove.  It was not working one day, so through a quick internet browse she was able to identify the problem and locate the broken part.  She ordered the part and installed it, and the oven was good as new.  The part cost $39, to have a handyman come to our home and install would have cost $175.00.
Do not have people clean your home.  That is the most luxurious of all luxuries and, absent some extraordinary circumstance I can't imagine, should never be done.  This is not just about reducing spending.  There is moral dimension to this as well.  There is a special place in purgatory reserved for people who pay other people o clean their toilets.  Don't end up there.

7.            Buy used.  Consult your local thrift store and Goodwill.  You would be surprised at what people give away.  You can get near brand new sunglasses for 75% off, hardbound books for $3.00, kid's bikes for $10.00, etc.  There is no stigma in getting your goods second hand.  You save money by doing so, keep perfectly usable stuff out of landfills, and, in the case of Goodwill, contribute to an organization devoted to training and employing the otherwise unemployable.
8.           Entertain yourself for free.  Even in this era of austerity, even in the reddest of counties in Ownership Society, USA, even in Orange County, there are plenty of free community events available to the general public.  There are free concerts, lectures, documentaries, walking tours of historic neighborhoods and buildings, all manner of things available to you, free of charge.  Museums often have free days once a week or month.  

You should never need to pay for a gym.  There are public parks with walking trails and exercise equipment, bike trails, secret (but public) staircases, nature centers, boardwalks etc.  And take advantage of your local library, not just for free books and movies but also for children's storytime and arts and crafts and community events.  Information is readily available on the internet.

Free entertainment is also generally more productive, educational and meaningful than entertainment you pay for.  You can go to a Dodgers game, or read a book.  You can take your kid to the mall, or you can take him to see volunteers clean dinosaur bones at the Museum.
9.            Reduce transportation expenses.  Bike or walk when you can.  Driving is not fun.  It is to be used only to get from point A to point B, and used only when necessary.  Weather permitting, you should almost always be able to run an errand within a mile from your home without a car.  If you have to drive, then combine errands so you kill two birds with one stone.  To calculate the true cost of driving, which includes not just gas but also depreciation and maintenance, use the rate the IRS allows to deduct for business miles driven.  The IRS allows $.56.5 per mile, and this is what you should use.  So, if you drive across town 10 miles to see a movie, then the true transportation cost is $11.30.

So....

Assess your spending.  Do some research.  Create new habits for yourself.  Have fun, have patience, and be proud of yourself.  After a year or so, you will have effected a transformation in your financial and spiritual life.  Your spending should align more closely with your values, and you should find you have significantly more money left over at the end of every month.  What to do with the extra money?  That will be the subject of future posts.

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